Seborrheic dermatitis is a type of chronic eczema, characterized by high sebum production and consequent overgrowth of a yeast called Malassezia. It usually occurs on the scalp, ears, eyebrows, nasolabial folds, mid-chest, and groin.
While the exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown, it is believed that overgrowth Malassezia on areas overproducing sebum are the primary cause of the condition.
Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by pink-yellow plaques, usually on the scalp, ears, eyebrows, nasolabial folds, mid-chest, and groin. This can occur in both infants and adults. The mildest form of seborrheic dermatitis is dandruff, which is characterized by white flakes on the scalp and face. Patients can have varying levels of itching associated with the condition.
Seborrheic dermatitis can be worsened with increased sebum production. This can occur as a result of genetic predisposition, hormonal changes, stress patterns, and hot and humid climates. Furthermore, seborrheic dermatitis can flare with lack of sleep, dehydration, and excess caffeine and alcohol intake. Seborrheic dermatitis is a common finding among patients with HIV and Parkinson’s disease.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis, based on the presence of pink-yellow plaques on scalp, ears, eyebrows, nasolabial folds, mid-chest, and groin.
Seborrheic dermatitis is often treated with topical steroids and calcineurin inhibitors to calm down the inflammation associated with the condition. Topical anti-fungals such as ciclopirox and ketoconazole cream can be used to decrease fungal load associated with the condition. Patients with oily scalp can benefit from ketoconazole shampoo while patients with dry scalp can benefit from a salicylic acid shampoo to help reduce scale.
Patients are encouraged to increase water intake and rest while decreasing caffeine and alcohol intake.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a self-limiting condition. Untreated Seborrheic dermatitis can cause persistent inflammation of the skin.
Seborrheic dermatitis can oftentimes overlap with rosacea and atopic dermatitis.
Individuals are encouraged to see a board-certified dermatitis for proper diagnosis and management of the condition.
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