Also known as an epidermoid cyst, sebaceous cyst is a well-demarcated pink or flesh colored nodule, usually on the head and back. They usually have a central punctum, which represents the hair follicle they are derived from, and a skin lining filled with the skin’s dead cells or sebum. A pilar cyst is an epidermoid cyst located on the scalp.
While the exact cause of a sebaceous cyst is unknown, it is likely derived from a hair follicle. The skin’s dead cells or sebum collect under the skin and become walled off by a lining. As a result, the cyst forms under the skin. Dehydration from lack of water intake and sleep and increased intake of diuretics are possible culprits, as it can disrupt the skin barrier. Patients can often have a family history of sebaceous cyst.
Sebaceous cyst is a well-demarcated flesh colored to pink, non-tender nodule that can occur anywhere on the body, usually on the head and upper back. It can occasionally drain sebum, which often has a foul order. A sebaceous cyst can get inflamed, which can cause redness, swelling, pain, and drainage of pus.
The risk factors of a sebaceous cyst are unknown. .
Sebaceous cyst is a clinical diagnosis, characterized by the presence of a lump under the skin. The diagnosis can be confirmed on biopsy and occasionally on ultrasound.
If a sebaceous cyst is asymptomatic and not causing pain, it does not need further treatment. However, if a sebaceous cyst becomes inflamed and painful, it can be drained to remove the pus. Furthermore, oral antibiotics can help reduce the inflammation and swelling. However, the cyst usually persists after drainage. Patients can also opt to get the sebaceous cyst surgically removed when it is not inflamed, but would result in a scar and can still recur.
There are no preventative steps or measures to avoid a sebaceous cyst.
An inflamed sebaceous cyst can become very painful and possibly infected if left untreated.
Milia are small, superficial cysts that often occur on the face, especially on the eyelids and around the mouth.
Individuals are recommended to see a board-certified dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment if needed.
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